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After the October Revolution of 1917 new dimension Russian translation had such an extraordinary impetus that in space two decades thanks to expansion and diffusion foreign authors Soviet school came life. Translators, course, aware what was happening, were main protagonists contributors, a fact demonstrated by increasing presence translations publishing houses both locally nationally since 1930s. Because multilingualism characterized Union, need promote its languages cultures expand them, very felt order build common culture. However, conforming only single criterion, "adequacy" (after Stalin's famous speech on linguistics 1950) rather than oscillating between concepts "estrangement" "domestication" typically European. due policies Cold War, West never fully studies developments, especially when solution attempted 1958 would unify most important theoretical approaches time: linguistic literary one.